Every winter, the warm waters of Maui, Hawaii, become the stage for one of nature’s most extraordinary performances—the annual migration of humpback whales. Known as “Koholā” in Hawaiian, These gentle giants travel thousands of miles from the cold, nutrient-rich waters of Alaska to the Hawaiian Islands, where they breed, give birth, and nurture their young in the calm, protected waters surrounding Maui.
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) embark on one of the longest migrations of any mammal, covering nearly 3,000 miles each way. It is estimated that around 12,000 whales migrate towards Hawaii. Their journey is driven by the need for safe, warm waters that provide an ideal environment for calving and mating. While they fast during their time in Hawaii, relying on stored energy reserves, these whales engage in remarkable behaviors that captivate onlookers, from breaching and tail slapping to spy-hopping and singing their hauntingly beautiful songs.
Humpback whales migrate seasonally, following a predictable pattern driven by survival and reproduction. During the summer months, they thrive in Alaska’s frigid waters, feasting on krill, herring, and other small fish. However, as winter approaches, food becomes scarce, and their biological instincts drive them toward the warmer, predator-free waters of Hawaii.
Maui’s shallow and relatively calm waters provide the perfect sanctuary for birthing and nursing calves. Unlike Alaska, where orcas (killer whales) pose a significant threat to young humpbacks, Hawaii offers a safer environment for the next generation to grow and strengthen before making the long journey back north.
From December through April, visitors and locals alike can witness these incredible marine mammals from both land and sea. Boat tours offer an up-close experience, allowing passengers to see whales breach just yards away, while coastal viewpoints like McGregor Point and Lahaina’s waterfront provide breathtaking opportunities to spot spouts and flukes from shore. Even for those who are fortunate enough to have a room / or place that is facing toward the ocean, they are able to watch these whales with ease. Underwater hydrophones sometimes capture the eerie, melodic songs of male humpbacks, adding another dimension to the experience.
Breaching – Whales propel themselves out of the water in spectacular leaps.
Spyhopping – A curious behavior where a whale lifts its head above the water to observe its surroundings.
Tail Slaps and Fin Waves – Used for communication and play.
Mother-Calf Bonding – A heartwarming sight as newborn calves learn essential survival skills.
For those eager to experience the magic of humpback whales up close, there are several ways to do so responsibly:
Whale-Watching Tours – Numerous eco-friendly tour operators in Maui offer boat excursions, guided by marine biologists who provide insights into whale behavior and conservation.
Kayaking & Paddleboarding – For a quieter and more intimate experience, paddling out into the waters offers a unique perspective on these marine mammals.
Shore-Based Viewing – Some of the best whale-watching spots from land include Makena Beach, Lahaina Pali Trail, and Maalaea Bay.
Conservation and Protection Efforts
Despite their awe-inspiring presence, humpback whales face numerous threats, including entanglement in fishing gear, ship strikes, and climate change. The Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, established to protect these marine mammals, plays a crucial role in research, conservation, and public education. Responsible whale-watching practices, such as maintaining a safe distance and minimizing noise pollution, are essential to ensuring the well-being of these creatures for generations to come.
While humpback whale populations have rebounded since the days of commercial whaling, they still face threats from climate change, ship strikes, and ocean pollution. Organizations such as NOAA and the Pacific Whale Foundation work tirelessly to protect these magnificent creatures through research, education, and policy advocacy.
As visitors, we play a crucial role in responsible whale watching by maintaining safe distances, avoiding high-speed boating in whale zones, and supporting conservation efforts.
Maui’s humpback whale season is more than just a tourist attraction; it is a profound reminder of nature’s resilience and beauty. Whether you're watching from the shore or embarking on a guided tour, witnessing these ocean giants in their natural habitat is an unforgettable experience—one that leaves visitors with a deeper appreciation for the wonders of the marine world.
Plan your visit during peak season, respect marine life guidelines, and prepare to be mesmerized by one of the most remarkable migrations on the planet.